Saturday, March 7, 2009

Sorting out the Syllogisms

A syllogism is a three-part logical deduction. one of the simpler kinds of syllogisms called a categorical syllogism; runs as follows:

"All F's are G, x is an F; therefore, x is a G."

Major Premise: "ALL F's are G

Minor Premis: "x is an F"

Conclusion: "x is a G"

Think of an example of a categorical syllogism for each of the following:

1. The major premis is false, but the minor premise and conlcusion are both true.
Example: All (F) men are (G) selfish (FALSE), Mr. Horstman (X) is a man (True), Mr. Horstman is selfish (True)
2. The minor premise is false, but the major premise and conclusion are both true.
Example: All (F) lakes have (G) water (True), the (X) Pacific Ocean is a lake (FALSE), the Pacific Ocean has water. (True)
3. Both the major and minor premises are false, but the conclusion is true.
Example: All (F) reptiles are (G) mammals (False), A (X) Chicken is a reptile (FALSE), a chicken is a mammal (True).

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